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  1. Venoms and their associated glands and delivery structures have evolved numerous times among animals. Within these venom systems, the molecular, cellular, and morphological components interact and co-evolve to...

    Authors: Pedro G. Nachtigall, Brett R. Hamilton, Taline D. Kazandjian, Paolo Stincone, Daniel Petras, Nicholas R. Casewell and Eivind A. B. Undheim
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:130
  2. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a bioenergy and forage crop. Upland switchgrass exhibits superior cold tolerance compared to the lowland ecotype, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

    Authors: Bingchao Wu, Dan Luo, Yuesen Yue, Haidong Yan, Min He, Xixi Ma, Bingyu Zhao, Bin Xu, Jie Zhu, Jing Wang, Jiyuan Jia, Min Sun, Zheni Xie, Xiaoshan Wang and Linkai Huang
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:128
  3. CTCF, a highly studied transcription factor, is essential for chromatin interaction maintenance. Several independent studies report that CTCF interacts with RNAs in vitro and in cells. Yet continuous debates a...

    Authors: Judith Hyle, Wenjie Qi, Mohamed Nadhir Djekidel, Wojciech Rosikiewicz, Beisi Xu and Chunliang Li
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:126
  4. Parental experience can influence progeny behavior through gamete-mediated non-genetic inheritance, that is, mechanisms that do not involve changes in inherited DNA sequence. However, underlying mechanisms rem...

    Authors: Antoine Emile Clément, Constance Merdrignac, Sergi Roig Puiggros, Dorine Sévère, Aurélien Brionne, Thomas Lafond, Thaovi Nguyen, Jérôme Montfort, Cervin Guyomar, Alexandra Dauvé, Amaury Herpin, Denis Jabaudon, Violaine Colson, Florent Murat and Julien Bobe
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:125
  5. The incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer (EC) is on the rise. Eighty-five percent of ECs depend on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) for proliferation, but little is known about its transcriptional regula...

    Authors: Sebastian Gregoricchio, Aleksandar Kojic, Marlous Hoogstraat, Karianne Schuurman, Suzan Stelloo, Tesa M. Severson, Tracy A. O’Mara, Marjolein Droog, Abhishek A. Singh, Dylan M. Glubb, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Michiel Vermeulen, Flora E. van Leeuwen and Wilbert Zwart
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:124
  6. We introduce ChromActivity, a computational framework for predicting and annotating regulatory activity across the genome through integration of multiple epigenomic maps and various functional characterization...

    Authors: Tevfik Umut Dincer and Jason Ernst
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:123
  7. The identification of sites of DNA replication initiation in mammalian cells has been challenging. Here, we present unbiased detection of replication initiation events in human cells using BrdU incorporation a...

    Authors: Jamie T. Carrington, Rosemary H. C. Wilson, Eduardo de La Vega, Sathish Thiyagarajan, Tom Barker, Leah Catchpole, Alex Durrant, Vanda Knitlhoffer, Chris Watkins, Karim Gharbi and Conrad A. Nieduszynski
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:122
  8. Pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the earliest and most widely cultivated vegetable crops worldwide. While the large and complex genome of pepper severely hampered the understanding of its functional genome, it ...

    Authors: Hongji Yang, Guorong Yu, Zhidong Lv, Tonghui Li, Xi Wang, Ying Fu, Zhangsheng Zhu, Guangjun Guo, Hang He, Ming Wang, Guochen Qin, Feng Liu, Zhenhui Zhong and Yan Xue
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:121
  9. During meiosis, the oocyte genome keeps dormant for a long time until zygotic genome activation. The dynamics and homeostasis of the maternal transcriptome are essential for maternal-to-zygotic transition. Zyg...

    Authors: Yu-Ke Wu, Ruibao Su, Zhi-Yan Jiang, Yun-Wen Wu, Yan Rong, Shu-Yan Ji, Jingwen Liu, Zhuoyue Niu, Zhiyi Li, Yuanchao Xue, Falong Lu and Heng-Yu Fan
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:120
  10. Cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) can be detected in biofluids and have emerged as valuable disease biomarkers. Accurate identification of the fragmented cfRNA signals, especially those originating from pathological cel...

    Authors: Pengfei Bao, Taiwei Wang, Xiaofan Liu, Shaozhen Xing, Hanjin Ruan, Hongli Ma, Yuhuan Tao, Qing Zhan, Efres Belmonte-Reche, Lizheng Qin, Zhengxue Han, Minghui Mao, Mengtao Li and Zhi John Lu
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:119
  11. It is important for porcine models to replicate gene mutations present in human diseases to improve the translatability of animal studies. In this study, the high efficacy of a whole exome sequencing kit was d...

    Authors: Vishwaarth Vijayakumar, Tanvi Joshi, Lobna Elkhadragy, Lawrence B. Schook, Ron C. Gaba, Mohammed El-Kebir and Kyle M. Schachtschneider
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:118
  12. Recent technological advances enable mapping of tissue spatial organization at single-cell resolution, but methods for analyzing spatially continuous microenvironments are still lacking. We introduce ONTraC, a...

    Authors: Wen Wang, Shiwei Zheng, Sujung Crystal Shin, Joselyn Cristina Chávez-Fuentes and Guo-Cheng Yuan
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:117
  13. The tight correlation between topologically associating domains (TADs) and epigenetic domains in Drosophila suggests that the epigenome contributes to define TADs. However, it is still unknown whether histone mod...

    Authors: Sandrine Denaud, Gonzalo Sabarís, Marco Di Stefano, Giorgio-Lucio Papadopoulos, Bernd Schuettengruber and Giacomo Cavalli
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:116
  14. Adenine base editors (ABEs) enable the conversion of A•T to G•C base pairs. Since the sequence of the target locus influences base editing efficiency, efforts have been made to develop computational models tha...

    Authors: Lucas Kissling, Amina Mollaysa, Sharan Janjuha, Nicolas Mathis, Kim F. Marquart, Yanik Weber, Woohyun J. Moon, Paulo J. C. Lin, Steven H. Y. Fan, Hiromi Muramatsu, Máté Vadovics, Ahmed Allam, Norbert Pardi, Ying K. Tam, Michael Krauthammer and Gerald Schwank
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:115
  15. Genetic variations linked to changes in gene expression are known as expression quantitative loci (eQTLs). The identification of eQTLs helps to understand the mechanisms governing gene expression. However, pri...

    Authors: Yuya Nagura, Mihoko Shimada, Ryoji Kuribayashi, Ko Ikemoto, Hiroki Kiyose, Arisa Igarashi, Tadashi Kaname, Motoko Unoki and Akihiro Fujimoto
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:110
  16. The design of regulatory elements is pivotal in gene and cell therapy, where DNA sequences are engineered to drive elevated and cell-type specific expression. However, the systematic assessment of synthetic DN...

    Authors: Avantika Lal, Laura Gunsalus, Anay Gupta, Tommaso Biancalani and Gokcen Eraslan
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:114
  17. Solid tumors are spatially heterogeneous in their genetic, molecular, and cellular composition, but recent spatial profiling studies have mostly charted genetic and RNA variation in tumors separately. To lever...

    Authors: Diane Zhang, Ã…sa Segerstolpe, Michal Slyper, Julia Waldman, Evan Murray, Robert Strasser, Jan Watter, Ofir Cohen, Orr Ashenberg, Daniel Abravanel, Judit Jané-Valbuena, Simon Mages, Ana Lako, Karla Helvie, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Scott Rodig…
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:112
  18. Centromeres play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability during cell division. They are typically composed of large arrays of tandem satellite repeats, which hinder high-quality assembly and complicate...

    Authors: Yubo Wang, Lulu Zhao, Deyan Wang, Kai Chen, Tiannan Luo, Jianglin Luo, Chengzhi Jiang, Zhoujian He, Heng Huang, Jiaxiao Xie, Yuanzhong Jiang, Jianquan Liu and Tao Ma
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:111
  19. Normalization of spatial transcriptomics data is challenging due to spatial association between region-specific library size and biology. We develop SpaNorm, the first spatially-aware normalization method that...

    Authors: Agus Salim, Dharmesh D. Bhuva, Carissa Chen, Chin Wee Tan, Pengyi Yang, Melissa J. Davis and Jean Y. H. Yang
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:109
  20. The Islamic influence on the Iberian Peninsula left an enduring cultural and linguistic legacy. However, the demographic impact is less well understood. This study aims to explore the dynamics of gene flow and...

    Authors: Gonzalo Oteo-Garcia, Marina Silva, M. George B. Foody, Bobby Yau, Alessandro Fichera, Llorenç Alapont, Pierre Justeau, Simão Rodrigues, Rita Monteiro, Francesca Gandini, María Luisa Rovira Gomar, Albert Ribera i Lacomba, Josep Pascual Beneyto, Valeria Mattiangeli, Daniel G. Bradley, Ceiridwen J. Edwards…
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:108
  21. The interplay between 3D genomic structure and transposable elements (TE) in regulating cell state-specific gene expression program is largely unknown. Here, we explore the utilization of TE-derived enhancers ...

    Authors: Nadia Omega Cipta, Yingying Zeng, Ka Wai Wong, Zi Hao Zheng, Yao Yi, Tushar Warrier, Jian Zhou Teo, Jia Hao Jackie Teo, Yee Jiun Kok, Xuezhi Bi, Reshma Taneja, Derrick Sek Tong Ong, Jian Xu, Florent Ginhoux, Hu Li, Yih-Cherng Liou…
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:107
  22. Lean body mass is a crucial physiological component of body composition. Although lean body mass has a high heritability, studies evaluating the genetic determinants of lean mass (LM) have to date been limited...

    Authors: Xiaoyu Zhang, Kuan-Jui Su, Bodhisattwa Banerjee, Ittai Eres, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Carolyn J. Crandall, Rajashekar Donaka, Zhe Han, Rebecca D. Jackson, Hanhan Liu, Zhe Luo, Braxton D. Mitchell, Chuan Qiu, Qing Tian, Hui Shen, Ming-Ju Tsai…
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:106
  23. In spatial transcriptomics data, spatially correlated genes promise to reveal high-interest phenomena like cell–cell interactions and latent variables. But in practice, most spatial correlations arise from the...

    Authors: Patrick Danaher, Dan McGuire, Lidan Wu, Michael Patrick, David Kroeppler, Haiyan Zhai, Deniz G. Olgun, Dennis Gong, Jingyi Cao, William L. Hwang, Joachim Schmid and Joseph M. Beechem
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:105
  24. Epigenetic aging signatures provide insights into human aging, but traditional clocks rely on linear regression of DNA methylation levels, assuming linear trajectories. This study explores a non-parametric app...

    Authors: Juan-Felipe Perez-Correa, Thomas Stiehl, Riccardo E. Marioni, Janie Corley, Simon R. Cox, Ivan G. Costa and Wolfgang Wagner
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:103
  25. MicroRNA-seq data is produced by aligning small RNA sequencing reads of different microRNA transcript isoforms, called isomiRs, to known microRNAs. Aggregation to microRNA-level counts discards information and...

    Authors: Andrea M. Baran, Arun H. Patil, Ernesto Aparicio-Puerta, Seong-Hwan Jun, Marc K. Halushka and Matthew N. McCall
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:102
  26. Direct conversion of reactive glial cells to neurons is a promising avenue for neuronal replacement therapies after brain injury or neurodegeneration. The overexpression of neurogenic fate determinants in glia...

    Authors: Priya Maddhesiya, Tjasa Lepko, Andrea Steiner-Mezzardi, Julia Schneider, Veronika Schwarz, Juliane Merl-Pham, Finja Berger, Stefanie M. Hauck, Lorenza Ronfani, Marco Bianchi, Tatiana Simon, Anthodesmi Krontira, Giacomo Masserdotti, Magdalena Götz and Jovica Ninkovic
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:100
  27. Monocots possess a fibrous root system comprising an embryonic root, crown roots, and lateral roots. The distinct cellular origins highlight the diversity of the initiation mechanism. To date, the distinct ini...

    Authors: Wei Jiang, Zhou Zhou, Xiaoying Li, Yu Zhao and Shaoli Zhou
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:99
  28. Computational methods for assessing the likely impacts of mutations, known as variant effect predictors (VEPs), are widely used in the assessment and interpretation of human genetic variation, as well as in ot...

    Authors: Benjamin J. Livesey, Mihaly Badonyi, Mafalda Dias, Jonathan Frazer, Sushant Kumar, Kresten Lindorff-Larsen, David M. McCandlish, Rose Orenbuch, Courtney A. Shearer, Lara Muffley, Julia Foreman, Andrew M. Glazer, Ben Lehner, Debora S. Marks, Frederick P. Roth, Alan F. Rubin…
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:97
  29. After Cas12a cleaves its DNA target, it generates a DNA double strand break (DSB) with two compatible 5′-staggered ends. The Cas12a-gRNA complex remains at the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)-proximal end (PP...

    Authors: Ruo-Dan Chen, Yi Yang, Kun-Ming Liu, Jing-Zhen Hu, Yi-Li Feng, Chun-Yi Yang, Rui-Rui Jiang, Si-Cheng Liu, Yue Wang, Ping-An Han, Ru-Gang Tian, Yu-Long Wang, Shi-Ming Xu and An-Yong Xie
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:96
  30. MicroRNAs are released from cells in extracellular vesicles (EVs), representing an essential mode of cell–cell communication (CCC) via a regulatory effect on gene expression. Single-cell RNA-sequencing technol...

    Authors: Xin Shao, Lingqi Yu, Chengyu Li, Jingyang Qian, Xinyu Yang, Haihong Yang, Jie Liao, Xueru Fan, Xiao Xu and Xiaohui Fan
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:95
  31. Long-term persistence of species with low genetic diversity is the focus of widespread attention in conservation biology. The snow leopard, Panthera uncia, is a big cat from high-alpine regions of Asia. However, ...

    Authors: Lin Yang, Hong Jin, Qien Yang, Andrey Poyarkov, Miroslav Korablev, Viatcheslav Rozhnov, Junjie Shao, Qiaomei Fu, Jose Antonio Hernandez-Blanco, Xiangjiang Zhan, Li Yu, Dmitry Alexandrov, Qingyan Dai, Bariushaa Munkhtsog, Xin Du, Bayaraa Munkhtsog…
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:94
  32. Cereal grain size and quality are critical agronomic traits in crop production. Wheat grain development is governed by intricate regulatory networks that require precise spatiotemporal coordination of gene exp...

    Authors: Xiaohui Li, Yiman Wan, Dongzhi Wang, Xingguo Li, Jiajie Wu, Jun Xiao, Kunming Chen, Xue Han and Yuan Chen
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:93
  33. TF Profiler is a method of inferring transcription factor (TF) regulatory activity, i.e., when a TF is present and actively participating in the regulation of transcription, directly from nascent sequencing as...

    Authors: Taylor Jones, Rutendo F. Sigauke, Lynn Sanford, Dylan J. Taatjes, Mary A. Allen and Robin D. Dowell
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:92
  34. Single-cell transcriptomics has transformed our understanding of cellular diversity, yet noise from technical artifacts and low-quality cells can obscure key biological signals. A common practice is filtering ...

    Authors: Josephine Yates, Agnieszka Kraft and Valentina Boeva
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:91
  35. High-throughput multi-omic molecular profiling allows the probing of biological systems at unprecedented resolution. However, integrating and interpreting high-dimensional, sparse, and noisy multimodal dataset...

    Authors: Salvatore Milite, Giulio Caravagna and Andrea Sottoriva
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:90
  36. Spatial and temporal control of DNA damage response pathways after DNA damage is crucial for maintenance of genomic stability. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein plays a central role in DNA damage res...

    Authors: Wafaa S. Ramadan, Samrein B. M. Ahmed, Iman M. Talaat, Lama Lozon, Soraya Mouffak, Timo Gemoll, Wael Y. Mansour and Raafat El-Awady
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:89
  37. Cellular deconvolution of bulk RNA-sequencing data using single cell/nuclei RNA-seq reference data is an important strategy for estimating cell type composition in heterogeneous tissues, such as the human brai...

    Authors: Louise A. Huuki-Myers, Kelsey D. Montgomery, Sang Ho Kwon, Sophia Cinquemani, Nicholas J. Eagles, Daianna Gonzalez-Padilla, Sean K. Maden, Joel E. Kleinman, Thomas M. Hyde, Stephanie C. Hicks, Kristen R. Maynard and Leonardo Collado-Torres
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:88

    The Software to this article has been published in BMC Genomics 2025 26:433

  38. Advancements in RNA sequencing have expanded our ability to study gene expression profiles of biological samples in bulk tissue and single cells. Deconvolution of bulk data with single-cell references provides...

    Authors: Adriana Ivich, Natalie R. Davidson, Laurie Grieshober, Weishan Li, Stephanie C. Hicks, Jennifer A. Doherty and Casey S. Greene
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:86
  39. The Cre-Lox system is a powerful tool in mouse genetics, enabling precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression and conditional knockout models. Since its development, it has transformed genome editing by ...

    Authors: Valerie Erhardt, Elli Hartig, Kristian Lorenzo, Hannah R. Megathlin, Basile Tarchini and Vishnu Hosur
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:85
  40. Genomic prediction encompasses the techniques used in agricultural technology to predict the genetic merit of individuals towards valuable phenotypic traits. It is related to Genome Interpretation in humans, w...

    Authors: Daniele Raimondi, Nora Verplaetse, Antoine Passemiers, Deborah Sarah Jans, Isabelle Cleynen and Yves Moreau
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:84
  41. Ophiuroids, belonging to Ophiuroidea in Echinodermata, possess remarkable regenerative capacities in their arms, relying on cellular recruitment and de-differentiation. However, limited high-quality genomic re...

    Authors: Qin-Zeng Xu, Yi-Xuan Li, Wen-Ge Shi, Yue Dong, Zhong Li, Jack Chi-Ho Ip, Matthew P. Galaska, Chen Han, Qian Zhang, Yu-Yao Sun, Lin-Lin Zhao, Kai-Ming Sun, Zong-Ling Wang, Jian-Wen Qiu and Xue-Lei Zhang
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:82
  42. Understanding the genetic causes underlying variability in chromatin accessibility can shed light on the molecular mechanisms through which genetic variants may affect complex traits. Thousands of ATAC-seq sam...

    Authors: Brandon M. Wenz, Yuan He, Nae-Chyun Chen, Joseph K. Pickrell, Jeremiah H. Li, Max F. Dudek, Taibo Li, Rebecca Keener, Benjamin F. Voight, Christopher D. Brown and Alexis Battle
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:81
  43. Advances in spatial omics enable deeper insights into tissue microenvironments while posing computational challenges. Therefore, we developed SOAPy, a comprehensive tool for analyzing spatial omics data, which...

    Authors: Heqi Wang, Jiarong Li, Siyu Jing, Ping Lin, Yiling Qiu, Xi Yan, Jiao Yuan, ZhiXuan Tang, Yu Li, Haibing Zhang, Yujie Chen, Zhen Wang and Hong Li
    Citation: Genome Biology 2025 26:80

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