Fig. 5

TaABI3-B1 regulates the grain size of wheat. A Transcript distribution of TaABI3-B1. Color bar indicates the normalized UMI counts. B Spatiotemporal expression pattern of TaABI3-B1 in dap 12 embryo as indicated by in situ hybridization. Sense probe served as the negative control. Scale bar = 100 μm. C Observation of mature embryo. Scale bars = 1 mm. D amiR-ABI3 s and taabi3-b1 mutants increase the grain size. Scale bars = 1 mm. E Quantification of grain agronomic traits related traits between the WT plants and amiR-ABI3 s lines. Student’s t test was used to determine the difference significance between amiR-ABI3 s and WT. *, p ≤ 0.05, **, p ≤ 0.01, Data represent mean ± SD (n = 15 biological replicates). F Representative cross sections of mature grains. Scale bars = 100 μm. The red box shows the aleurone layer cell. The experiment was independently repeated three times. G amiR-ABI3 s transgenetic lines and taabi3-b1 mutants significantly increased the aleurone layer cell size. *, p ≤ 0.05, **, p ≤ 0.01. H RT-qPCR assay confirming the relative expression of TaABI3 s in amiR-ABI3 s and WT plants. N = 3