Fig. 5

Oncogenic modulation ofglioblastoma cells on the TME sensed by nonmalignant cells. a The human glioblastoma (GBM) scRNA-seq dataset comprising 3533 cells, encompassing malignant cells, astrocytes (Astro), oligodendrocytes (Oligo), endothelial cells (Endo), neurons, macrophages (MP), oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC). b EV-derived miRNA-mediated CCC inferred by miRTalk, delineating the number of MiTIs between pairwise cell types in GBM. c Heatmap displaying the miRNA score of inferred EV-derived miRNAs among senders, i.e., Astro, malignant cells, MP, neurons, Oligo, and OPC. d Relevance of the inferred MiTIs with the OS and DFS with the Log-rank test using the EV-derived MiTI score for separating the high-risk and low-risk GBM patients. e Difference analysis of EV-derived MiTI scores between MiTIs with and without significant survival relevance. NS, not significant. The numbers of data points from left to right are 452, 4072, 816, and 3708, respectively. Significant differences between the two groups were calculated with the one-sided (greater) T-test. f Potential onco- and TS-MiTIs with OS or DFS relevance using the expression level of the miRNA or their target gene alone for separating high-risk and low-risk GBM patients. The number of data points in each group is 301. g Analysis of the onco-MiTI between miR- 125 - 5p and its target gene PABPC1. h Expression of MIR125B1 that encodes the miR- 125b- 5p and its target gene PABPC1 shown in the UMAP plot. i Related metabolic pathways of miR- 125b- 5p and Spearman correlation (rho) between the scaled module scores of miR- 125b- 5p-related metabolic pathway signatures and the scaled expression of the target gene PABPC1 of miR- 125b- 5p. j Analysis of the onco-MiTI between miR- 222 - 3p and its target gene TP53BP2. k Expression of MIR106B that encode the miR- 106b- 3p and its target gene FN1. l Related pathways of miR- 106b- 3p and its target gene FN1. m Analysis of the onco-MiTI between miR- 106b- 3p and its target gene FN1 with positive regulation. For the survival analysis, the Log-rank test was used to evaluate the significant difference between two curves based on the Kaplan–Meier analysis and the median value was used to separate patients. The Spearman coefficient (rho) was applied to test the significance of the correlation between the scaled expression of a given miRNA and its target gene. TCGA, the cancer genome atlas. The bar plot showed the mean ± SEM. Significant differences between the two groups (5 normal samples and 8 tumor samples) were calculated with the one-sided (less) T-test in (f, g, j)