Fig. 3

Distributions of posterior probabilities for each gene product-to-trait effect scenario and three posterior probability types. For example, for genes represented in the left-most panel, both expression and protein levels have direct effects on the complex trait. The left-most violin plot represents the distribution of posterior probabilities of the model in which only expression has a direct effect. The distributions represent genes that have nonzero causal effects on Y (through at least one of expression or protein). For each violin plot, a horizontal red line denotes the mean of the distribution