Fig. 6

scHolography defined spatial neighborhoods reflect the heterogeneity of human skin fibroblast. a Spatial neighborhood analysis for human skin dermal cells. Four distinct neighborhoods Dermal 1–4 are identified based on the clustering of the accumulated expression profile of dermal SMNs. b Cell type composition of Dermal 1–4. c Heatmap of top 10 differentially expressed genes for Dermal 1–4 accumulated SMN expression profile. d Violin plots of Dermal 4 differentially expressed genes in scRNA-seq data for all dermal spatial neighborhoods. e SMN distances between Dermal 1–4 and Dermal 4 cells. f Expression heatmap of spatially dynamic genes of human dermal cells proximal (left) and distal (right) to smooth muscle cells. Dermal cells are ordered, from left to right, in increasing SMN distance to smooth muscle cells. g–j Single-cell spatial charting results of Celltrek, CytoSPACE, Seurat, and Tangram (left of each panel) and dermal cell spatial neighborhoods identified based on Celltrek, CytoSPACE, Seurat, and Tangram results (right of each panel)