Fig. 5

scHolography defined SMNs reflect cellular transition in skin epidermal differentiation. a The number of suprabasal SMNs and basal SMNs for each suprabasal cell. b The number of basal SMNs of each transition KC or differentiated KC. c 3D visualization of basal cells, transition KCs, and differentiated KCs in scHolography reconstruction. d Violin plots of epithelial progenitor and differentiation markers. Progenitor markers: KRT5, KRT14, COL17A1. Differentiation markers: KRT1, KRT10, KRTDAP. e Expression dot plots of top 10 upregulated and downregulated genes comparing basal cells vs. transition KC (left) or transition KC vs. differentiated KC. f Reactome pathway enrichment analysis on upregulated genes in transition KC compared to basal cells (top) and on upregulated genes in differentiated KC compared to basal cells (bottom). g Relative incoming (top) and outgoing (bottom) signaling strengths of CellChat inferred significant signaling for basal cell, transition KC, and differentiated KC clusters