Fig. 1

Workflow of iIMPACT: A iIMPACT starts by combining and processing image profile from AI-reconstructed histology images, and geospatial and molecular profiles from SRT data (circled by dashed lines) to conduct the histology-based spatial domain identification. B A Bayesian normal-multinomial mixture model with the Markov random field (circled by solid lines) is fitted for histology-based spatial domain identification. Based on the spatial domain identification results, biologically important cellular spatial organization can be characterized, including the domain-specific relative abundance of cell types and interactive zones (circled by dotted lines). C Domain-specific spaDEGs are identified by a negative binomial (NB) regression model