Fig. 1
Augmented defense response against the biotrophic pathogen in CG-hypomethylated mutants. A Bacterial growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC) in DNA methylation mutants with or without sub-optimal priming. For sub-optimal priming, water (mock control) or β-amino butyric acid (BAsub; 10 ml of 30 μg/ml per plant) was applied near roots 2 days prior pathogen inoculation. Bacterial growth was measured 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) from at least five biological replicates (n ≧ 5). ddc, ddcc, and rdd indicate drm1 drm2 cmt3, drm1 drm2 cmt2 cmt3, and ros1 dml2 dml3 plants, respectively. p-values by Student’s t test. cfu, colony-forming units. B Expression of WRKY genes in Col-0, ddm1, and met1 plants before (0 dpi; mock and BAsub) and after (1 dpi; mockDC and BAsubDC) DC inoculation (n ≧ 3). p-values by Student’s t test. Expression levels for each gene were normalized by that of an internal control UBQ1, which were further normalized with respect to those in Col-0 under the mock condition. Log2(normalized expression levels) are presented. C Expression of WRKY genes in Col-0 and ddm1 plants at early time points after DC inoculation (0, 6, and 12 h post-inoculation, hpi). UBQ1 expression was used as an internal control (n = 3). A, C Different letters indicate significant differences at p≦0.05, from two-way (A) and one-way (C) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s correction (α = 0.05). A–C Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM)